Tutorial
Demo Examples: Inputs, Outputs, and Objectives
T1.
3DFAULT (SLOPING FAULT)
Objectives:
3D model building with sloping fault.
Inputs: (1)
Horizon Markers in a text file. (2) Vshale logs in a text file with keywords for well, x, y, and
kb.
Process and Output:
-
Import markerheader file and then LOG file.
-
Graphically edit a well to depth shift it.
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Add fault as new marker and graphically edit on cross section.
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Map fault surface as a horizon surface
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Map horizon surfaces with fault surface constraint.
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Build 3D vsh model by Kriging.
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Calculate net thickness map to show thickness reduction in the normal fault
area.
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Graph faulted grid with fault grid option on.
Run time: about 5 to 10 minutes.
T2.
3DMODEL
Objectives:
General process of 3D lithology model building and application.
Inputs: (1)
Horizon Markers in a text file. (2) VShale logs in a text file with keywords for well, x, y, and
kb.
Process and Output:
-
Variogram and model fit.
-
3D model of VShale by Kriging.
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3D models of VShale by Conditional Simulation.
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Volumetrics calculation with the models.
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Geobody with one realization of the models.
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3D model of VShale by Kriging with fault.
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Various graphic views of the results.
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Predict VShale log at new well location.
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Add a deviated new well and predict the log.
Run time: about 20 to 40 minutes.
T3.
EROSION OF 3D MODEL
Objectives:
3D model building with unconfirmal geological setting.
Inputs: (1)
Horizon Markers in a text file. Top horizon erosional. Base conformal. (2) Porosity logs in a text file with keywords for well, x, y,
and kb.
Process and Output:
-
Identify and remove wrong data: porosity <-100 or >
100.
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Identify and correct KB error for one well.
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Remove data above erosional top surface.
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Convert porosity from percentage to decimal unit.
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Variogram and model fit with base marker only.
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Build 3D porosity model by Kriging with base marker only.
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Turn off base marker and turn on top marker, build top surface.
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Graph surfaces.
-
Remove portion of the porosity grid above top erosional surface.
Run time: about 7 to 15 minutes.
T4.
HORIZON MARKER
Objectives: Semi-automatic horizon marker based on (fresh water) resistivity logs.
Inputs: Resistivity logs in a text file with keywords for well, x, y, and kb.
Process and Output:
-
Import log data and data quality control.
-
Generate automatic horizon based on correlation among resistivity
logs.
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Variogram and model fit.
-
Normalize resistivity logs to compensate for temperature variations
etc.
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Build 3D lithology model by Kriging. High resistivity indicates
sand.
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Add new horizon markers, initially parallel to the auto-horizon.
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Interactively modify the markers on cross sectional graph
to top of sand.
-
Use autopick function to adjust the markers.
-
Autopick complete sand top surfaces based on 3D grid and well
picks.
Run time: about 10 to 20 minutes.
T5.
LASNPOR: POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY MODEL WITH LAS IMPORT
Objectives:
3D porosity and permeability model building with LAS files and old porosity
logs.
Inputs: (1)
Horizon Markers in a text file with X, Y, and KB. (2) GR logs, porosity logs, and core data in LAS files.
Process and Output:
-
Import markerheader file and then LAS files.
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Data quality control.
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Normalize GR logs to become VSH.
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Normalize NEUT logs to porosity (one of many methods).
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Variogram and model fit.
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Build 3D porosity model by Kriging.
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Correlate porosity to core permeability.
Transform
porosity grid to soft data.
-
Build 3D permeability model by colocated cosimulation.
-
Map k*H and make graphs.
Run time: about 15 to 30 minutes.
T6.
LITHOLOGY
Objective: 3D
indicator model building with interpreted indicators of lithology, facies, or
fluid type.
Input: (1)
Indicator log text file. (2) Well x, y, and KB text file. (3) Horizon markers in
a text file.
Process and
Output:
-
Import indicator
log as lithology data.
-
Import x, y, KB
as renew header.
-
Import markers
as row based format.
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Data quality
control and remove indicator values > 3 to concentrate on oil, water, and
gas.
-
Variogram and
model fit.
-
Build 3D
indicator model by Kriging.
-
Build 2
conditional simulation realizations for comparison.
-
Graph results.
Run time:
About 15 to 25 minutes depending on computer time.
T7.
MAKEMAP
Objectives:
2D map of top structure from well markers, with fault analysis.
Inputs: A text file of top of structure at wells with XY coordinates.
Process and Output:
-
Import layer data and data quality control.
-
Variogram and model fit.
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Build 2D structure model by Kriging.
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Calculate discontinuity of structure map to locate fault.
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Determine fault location with multiple graphs.
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Add fault on basemap.
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Build 2D structure model by Kriging with fault.
Run time: about 5 to 10 minutes.
T8.
MAKEMAP2
Objectives: 2D map of reservoir thickness where the zero thickness is automatically
honored.
Inputs: A text file of thickness with XY coordinates.
Process and Output:
-
Import layer data and data quality control.
-
Variogram and model fit.
-
Build 2D model by Kriging.
Run time: about 1 to 3 minutes.
T9.
MAKEMAP3 - A REEF RESERVOIR
Objectives:
2D map of reservoir thickness where the zero thickness is automatically honored.
Inputs: A text file of thickness with XY coordinates.
Process and Output:
-
Import layer data and data quality control.
-
Variogram and model fit.
-
Build 2D model by Kriging.
Run time: about 1 to 3 minutes.
T10.
POR3WELL
Objectives: 3D model building with deviated wells and only three wells.
Inputs: (1)
Horizon Markers in a text file, (2) Porosity logs in a text file with keywords for well, x, y,
and kb.
Process and Output:
-
Import data and data quality control.
-
Variogram and model fit.
-
Build 3D porosity model by Kriging.
Run time: about 4 to 7 minutes.
T11.
PRODOIL: PRODUCTION DATA OF OIL FIELD
Objectives: Animation map of production history data.
Inputs: Monthly production rate of oil, gas, and water.
Process and Output:
-
Import time based production history.
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Remove shut-in data.
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Calculate gas-oil-ratio and water-cut.
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Variogram and model fit.
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Build 3D grid with time as Z axis.
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Graph time animation of oil rate, gas-oil-ratio, and water-cut.
Run time: about 5 to 10 minutes.
T12.
SEISMIC INVERSION
Objectives:
Synthetic seismic data and seismic inversion.
Inputs: None.
Process and
Output:
-
Simulate an
earth model with deposition simulation option.
-
Use Ricker
wavelet and linear time depth function to generate synthetic seismic data from
the earth model.
-
Invert seismic
to impedance with the same Ricker wavelet and time depth function, without
constraint or reference grid.
-
Graph results
and compare with earth model.
-
Sample the 4
corners of the earth model to make wells with Vsh logs.
-
Remove inversion
grid to start over.
-
Sample the
seismic grid for 4 wells.
-
Graph time to
depth correlation search.
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Search wavelet.
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Add marker.
-
Calculate
variogram.
-
Build pseudo
impedance grid with Vsh logs.
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Invert seismic
with well log based impedance grid as reference.
-
Graph results.
Run time:
About 30 to 50 minutes depending on computer speed.
T13.
SIMULATION
Objectives: Generating heterogeneous data without actual data.
Inputs: None
Process and Output:
-
Specify variogram, mean, and standard deviation for porosity
model.
-
Generate 3D porosity model by simulation.
-
Change variogram correlation ratio and generate model again.
-
Specify variogram, mean, and standard deviation for permeability
model, log-normal.
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Generate 3D permeability model by simulation.
-
Sample the permeability grid to become data traces.
Run time: about 5 to 10 minutes.
T14.
SOFTGRID MODEL
Objectives:
2D model building with soft data grid.
Inputs: (1)
Horizon picks from seismic time data in a text file. (2) Well markers in depth in a text file.
Process and Output:
-
Import time pick data and save as grid.
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Import well marker data.
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Sample time pick grid at well locations.
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Correlate time pick data with well marker data.
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Convert time pick grid to soft data grid.
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Variogram and model fit.
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Build 2D structure grid with colocated cokriging.
Run time: about 6 to 12 minutes.
T15.
SIMULATION EXPORT
(To be added
later)
Objectives:
Inputs:
Process and Output:
-
Import
Run time: about x
minutes depending on computer power..
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